Ancient cave art and more recent paintings and sculpture illustrate only people's fear abo

cts of memorization.

听力原文： Last summer I visited Mexico City to see the ancient art in museums there. I was surprised at how well I managed to got around even though I don' t speak a word of Spanish. Yen just have to he able to make the right decision in a talk situation. The manager of my hotel gave me a map of the city and told me that the best way to get to the museum was by subway. I didn ' t know where the nearest subway was. But I was sure I would find it if I walked a little. After an hour I was still walking. I was completely lost. Just then a policeman came over and showed me the nearest station, I looked at the subway map and wall and didn' t know which line to take. In fact I wasn't shown which station I was in. Most people would give up in that situation but not me. After I thought it was over, I knew exactly what to do. I went upstairs and took a taxi.

(33)

A．To learn Spanish.

B．To tour the city.

C．To see the ancient art.

D．To visit friends.

听力原文：M: Hey, Jane. What's so interesting？

W: What？ Oh, hi, Tom. I'm reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age.

M: The Ice Age？ There weren't any societies then, just groups of cave people.

W: That's what people used to think. But a new exhibition at the American Museum of National History shows that Ice Age people were surprisingly advanced.

M: Oh, really？ In what way？

W: Well, Ice Age people were the inventors of languages, art and music as we know it. And they didn't live in caves. They built their own shelters.

M: What did they use to build them？ The cold weather would have killed almost all of the trees, so they couldn't have used wood.

W: In some warmer climates, they did build houses of wood. In other places, they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters.

M: How did they stay warm？ Animal skin walls don't sound very sturdy.

W: Well, it says here, that in the early Ice Age, they often faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun.

M: Hey, that's pretty smart! I guess I spoke too soon. Can I read that magazine article 'after you're done？

W: No problem.

23. What did the man originally think of the people of the Ice Age？

24.How did people in the early Ice Age keep warm？

25.What does the man want the woman to do？

(20)

A．They lived in groups and were cave people.

B．There were societies in Ice Age.

C．They were advanced in arts.

D．They had a smart way of building shelters.

听力原文： Some people hate everything that is modern. They cannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music; they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing; they think that all modern painting is ugly; and they seldom have a good word for the new buildings that are being built everywhere in the world. Such people look for perfection in everything, and they take their standards of perfection from the past. They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment with new materials or to express himself or the age in original ideas. It is, of course, true that many artists do not succeed in their work and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures. If the work of art is a painting, the artist's failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too, because it may damage the beauty of the whole place. This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.

We can't judge every modern building by the standards of the ancient time, even though we admire the ancient buildings. Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced. The modern architect knows he should learn from the ancient works, but with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never be content to imitate the past. He is too proud to do that.

(30)

A．Because they are aged.

B．Because they find it hard to accept modern things.

C．Because they take their standards of perfection from the Greek.

D．Because they look at things by the standards of the past.

religion, art, laws and language. The term anthropology comes from two Greek words: "anthropos" means "human being" and "logy" means "the science of. Anthropology can be divided into two areas. These two main divisions are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology. Culture includes many things, such as art, religion, laws, and even furniture and movies. Anthropologists define human progress in three main steps. Step one begins with the first human being and continues until the last of the people who hunted animals just to survive. Step two includes people who grew food. In this step, there was progress in invention and religion. The third step deals with the first civilizations, such as those in Egypt and parts of Asia. Anthropologists always seek new information about people. For instance, recent evidence found in Ethiopia and Kenya shows humans earlier in history than it was previously believed.

1.According to the passage, anthropology mainly deals with ______.

A、family life, religion and art

B、differences between human races

C、the study of ancient people

D、the study of different cultures

2.What have anthropologists recently found_____.

A、There are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology

B、there are three steps in the progress of human beings

C、There were more civilizations in Egypt than in parts of Asia

D、There is a longer history of human beings than it was thought before

3.Which of the following belongs to the second step of human progress_____.

A、Many religions and inventions were made

B、People hunted animals just to survive

C、the early civilizations came into being

D、people started to learn science and art

4.Which could be the best title for the passage_____.

A、What is anthropology

B、The progress of human beings

C、The first civilizations

D、The Work of Anthropologists Dear Sirs

5.Which of the following statement is TRUE_____.

A、Furniture and movies belong to physical anthropology

B、Anthropologists are still trying to get new findings about people

C、the study of human beings began in Greek times

D、The first civilizations appeared only in Egypt and parts of Asia

听力原文：M: Hey, Jane. What's so interesting？

W: Oh, hi, Tom. (19)I'm reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age during the Pleistocene period.

M: The Ice Age？ There weren't any societies then, just the bunch of cave people.

W: That's what people used to think. (20)But a new exhibition at the American Museum of National History shows that Ice Age people were surprisingly advanced.

M: Oh, really？ In what ways？

W: Well, Ice Age people were the inventors of languages, art and music as we know it. And they didn't live in caves. They built their own shelters.

M: What did they use to build them？ The cold weather would have killed almost all the trees, so they couldn't have used wood.

W: In some of the places with warmer climate, they did build houses of wood. In other places, they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters.

M: How did they stay warm？ Animal skin walls don't sound very sturdy.

W: Well, it says here, that in the early Ice Age, (21) they often faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun, a primitive sort of solar heating.

M: Hey, that's pretty smart.

W: Then people in the late Ice Age even insulated their homes by putting heated cobble stones on the floor.

M: I guess I spoke too soon. (22)Can I read that magazine article after you've done？ I think I'm going to try to impress my anthropology teacher with my amazing knowledge of Ice Age civilization.

(23)

A．The Ice Age.

B．The exhibition at the American Museum of National History.

C．The Ice Age people.

D．How to build houses.

听力原文：M: Hey, Jane! What's so interesting？

W: What？ Oh, hi, Tom! I' m reading this fascinating article on the societies of the lee Age during the Pleistocene period.

M: The Ice Age？ There weren't any societies then—just a hunch of cave people.

W: That' s what people used to think. But a new exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History shows that Ice Age people where surprisingly advanced.

M: Oh, really？ In what ways？

W: Well, Ice Age people were the inventors of language, art, and music as we know it. And they didn't live in caves; they built their own shelters.

M: What did they use to build them？ The cold weather would have killed off most of the trees, so they couldn't have used wood.

W: In some of the warmer climates they did build houses of wood. In other places they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters.

M: How did they stay warm？ Animal-skin walls don' t sound very sturdy.

W: Well, it says here that in the early Ice Age they often faced their homes toward the south to take advantage of the sun— a primitive sort of solar heating.

M: Hey, that' s pretty smart.

W: Then people in the late Ice Age even insulated their homes by putting heated cobblestones on the floor.

M: I guess I spoke too soon. Can I read that magazine article after you' re done？ I think I' m going to try to impress my anthropology teacher with my amazing knowledge of Ice Age civilization.

W: What a show-off!

(20)

A．They lived in caves.

B．They traveled in groups.

C．They had an advanced language.

D．They ate mostly fruit.

economic advance has been 【C1】______ . During this 【C2】______ short period of time, greater changes in people's 【C3】______ have occurred than in the thousands of years 【C4】______ preceded. From about 8000 B. C., when the agricultural 【C5】______ of the human race began, 【C6】______ 1776 A. D., the beginning of the American Revolution, people grew hardly any richer 【C7】______ . The Americans of 1776 used the same energy 【C8】______ as the Romans of 1 A. D.. Both the ancient Romans and Americans of 200 years ago could travel about the same short distance in a day. Both had about the same annual income and the same life 【C9】______ . During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world 【C10】______ has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has 【C11】______ 1,000 times. There 【C12】______ also been much recent progress on art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have led to a high 【C13】______ of production and 【C14】______ of the economy. Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's 【C15】______ will become very 【C16】______ . Their fears are partly 【C17】______ , but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization 【C18】______ new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only 【C19】______ new forms of resources, but we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their 【C20】______ of living.

【C1】

A．particular

B．excellent

C．remarkable

D．excessive

Air pollution is one of the most pervasive environmental problems because

atmospheric currents can carry contaminated air to every part of the globe.

Most air pollution comes, from automobile emissions and from power plants

what burn coal and oil to produce energy for industrial and consumer use. 【S1】______

Carbon dioxide and other harmful gases releasing into the air from these 【S2】______

sources adversely effect weather patterns and the health of people, animals and 【S3】______

plants.

Industrialized nations produce most of the world's air pollution. For 【S4】______

example, because the United States is home to just 5 percent of the world's

population, the country generates 22 percent of human-made carbon dioxide 【S5】______

emissions or 19 percent of all greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and 【S6】______

methane. These emissions harm the environment by leading acid rain and

global warming, and by depleting (使衰竭) the protective ozone layer which 【S7】______

surround the earth.

Acid rain, a serious threat around the world, occurs when sulfur dioxide

and nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles and fossil-fuel burning power 【S8】______

plants to fall back to Earth as acidic precipitation. Acid rain has contaminated

many lakes in Canada and the northeast United States and has been

documented even in the non-industrial state of Hawaii. In the United 【S9】______

Kingdom, 57 percent of all trees are severely defoliated (使落叶) owe to 【S10】______

corrosive fallout, and production of food crops has been declined in many parts

of the world. Acid rain has eroded the surfaces of great art and architectural

treasures, including the ancient sculptures of Rome and the Sphinx in Egypt.

【S1】

is that real essays are not exclusively about English literature. Certainly schools should teach students how to write. But due to a series of historical accidents the teaching of writing has gotten mixed together with the study of literature. And so all over the country students are writing not about how a baseball team with a small budget might compete with the Yankees, or the role of color in fashion, or what constitutes a good dessert, but about symbolism in Dickens.

How did things get this way？ To answer that we have to go back almost a thousand years. Around 1100, Europe at last began to catch its breath after centuries of chaos, and once they had the luxury of curiosity they rediscovered what we call "the classics." The effect was rather as if we were visited by beings from another solar system. These earlier civilizations were so much more sophisticated that for the next several centuries the main work of European scholars, in almost every field, was to assimilate what they knew. During this period the study of ancient texts acquired great prestige. It seemed the essence of what scholars did. As European scholarship gained momentum it became less and less important; by 1350 someone who wanted to learn about science could find better teachers than Aristotle in his own era. But schools change slower than scholarship. In the 19th century the study of ancient texts was still the backbone of the curriculum. What tipped the scales, at least in the US, seems to have been the idea that professors should do research as well as teach. This idea was imported from Germany in the late 19th century. Beginning at Johns Hopkins in 1876, the new model spread rapidly. Writing was one of the casualties. Colleges had long taught English composition, But how do you do research on composition？ The professors who taught math could be required to do original math, the professors who taught history could be required to write scholarly articles about history, but what about the professors who taught rhetoric or composition？ What should they do research on？ The closest thing seemed to be English literature.

And so in the late 19th century the teaching of writing was inherited by English professors. This had two drawbacks: (a) an expert on literature need not himself be a good writer, any more than an art historian has to be a good painter, and (b) the subject of writing now tends to be literature, since that's what the professor is interested in.

It' s no wonder if this seems to the student a pointless exercise, because we' re now three steps removed from real work: the students are imitating English professors, who are imitating classical scholars, who are merely the inheritors of a tradition growing out of what was, 700 years ago, fascinating and urgently needed work.

The other big difference between a real essay and the things they make you write in school is that a real essay doesn't take a position and then defend it. That principle, like the idea that we ought to be writing about literature, turns out to be another intellectual hangover of long forgotten origins.

It's often mistakenly believed that medieval universities were mostly seminaries. In fact they were more law schools. And at least in our tradition lawyers are advocates, trained to take either side of an argument and make as good a case for it as they can. Whether cause or effect, this spirit pervaded early universities. The study of rhetoric, the art of arguing persuasively, was a third of the undergraduate curriculum. And after the lecture the most common form. of discussion was the disputation. This is at least nominally preserved in our present-day thesis defense: most people treat the words thesis and dissertation as interchangeable, but originally, at least, a thesis was a position one took and the dissertation

A．Y

B．N

C．NG